Rebranding Selfridges Brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rebranding Selfridges Brand - Essay Example This is because the various branding associated to the department store has the ability of attracting various customers who poses different taste and preferences. Therefore, it is of very key importance to rebrand various brands of products offered by the department store in order to increase sales and profits by attracting more customers. This essay will focus on rebranding Selfridges brand known as Miss Selfridges (Honeycombe, 1984). Today, there are many cases focusing on women who are abused or have been abused both within the country and globally. The healing process for these abused women is always a difficult journey as most of them always end up loosing their self esteem hence failing in all major sectors in life. To address this, Selfridges started a brand known as Miss Selfridges which was aimed giving these abused self esteem in the society through their dressing. The brand focuses on delivering various clothe wear for women ranging from wedding dresses, Selfridges loves or such dressings like summer denim amongst other types of clothing. These clothe wears are always designed to cheer mood of make women feel young, beautiful and sexy again hence allowing them to continue with life normally accomplishing their different task while enjoying a strong self esteem brought about by the different women’s wear (Our heritage. 2015). However, in spite of the brand doing good in the market, it has faced some stiff competition form such companies or designers in the region who also produce similar products like the Marks and Spencer. This store in spite of having a strong brand and enjoying a strong customer loyalty in the market, it also produces women wears which helps in raising and building confidence of women in different situations. A good example of the products that are being produced and sold by this store is ladies underwear. Moreover, the kind of advertising being used by this company has really yielded positive fruits for the sale s

Plot Summary Essay Example for Free

Plot Summary Essay The play is set in the Dublin slums or tenements in the years of the Iris Civil War 1922 and 1923. The whole play centers on the Boyle family. Juno Boyle is married to Boyle who calls himself Captain Boyle. Boyle is a useless and irresponsible drunkard who shuns the reality of work at every stage in the play, and spends his time in the pub drinking with his friend Joxer Daly. The Boyles have two children Johnny and Mary. Johnny is a sickly individual who has been involved in the Republican movement but he ended up betraying a comrade by the name of Tancred. Johnny spends his days locked up in the house fearful of his life. His mother Juno is a selfless character who is concerned all the time about other people. Juno’s daughter Mary is deeply concerned about appearances. She is a shallow character who seems to judge people and things from the outside. When we meet her at the beginning of the play, we learn she is on strike because of the dismissal of a young girl called Jenny Claffey. Yet we are told from Juno how Mary never had a good word to say about Jenny Claffey in her whole life. The family are told that they will inherit money from a distant relative who has died. Bentham is the solicitor who informs them of this fact. He begins to have a relationship with Mary and she becomes pregnant. Bentham shortly after this abandons her. The Boyles begin to borrow money and accumulate a great deal of debts. The legacy never materializes, and the Boyles are forced to return the borrowed goods. Johnny is dragged off to be shot for the betrayal of Tancred. Juno finally realizes that Boyle will never take on his responsibilities as father and breadwinner and so she leaves him and sets up home with Mary. Themes/Issues Poverty This theme dominates the play at every level. The whole play highlights the cruel irony that while many people were fighting for ideals and principles there were others who were suffering from the debilitating effects of the poverty. Because of the negative effects generated by poverty escapism assumes a major and dramatic element in the lives of characters. Mary’s tragic situation occurs because of poverty. When it becomes clear that the Boyles will not inherit any legacy, Bentham disappears forever abandoning Mary alone to have her baby. Jerry Devine standards of what are essential features in a husband are set out in terms of money. At one stage he tells Mary how the job is worth 3 50. Juno who is the only character rooted in the harsh practical everyday world of necessity realizes that money, hard work, and responsible social commitment are stronger and more realistic values in this world than principles and ideals. Her pragmatic stance on how principles won’t pay butchers is in striking contrast to the incessant evasion from reality inherent in all of the other characters. Religion The theme of Religion is also a dominant feature in the play. The play is set against a strong Catholic background. O Casey makes frequent use of images of Our Lady and the votive light to project an air of realism and authenticity in the play. There are also a variety of different religions, and attitudes expressed throughout the play. One of O Casey’s chief mottos in the play seems to show the co- existence of strong religious convictions, together with a sincere and humane commitment to one’s fellowman. Juno’s faith is sincere, authentic, and traditional. She believes on Johnny’s death that God can do nothing against the stupidity of men, that her husband should be praying novenas for a job, and that what Ireland needs is more piety. On the other hand, Bentham espouses a religion by the name of Theosophy. This is projected as vague and abstract and certainly seems to be compatible with his own shallow commitment to people. Reality and Fantasy The play dramatizes the conflict between the dream world and the world of reality and shows what happens when a character is stripped of his illusions and forced to face reality. Boyle the ‘poseur’ or Paycock struts throughout the world of the play on a false and imaginary sense of his own self- importance. His whole life and career consist in fabricating dreams of his gallant years as a captain fighting heroic feats and sailing the oceans of the world. The news of the legacy provides another outlet to Boyle’s habitual evasion of reality, he sees himself as a potential investor on the Stock Exchange. His whole life is a lie. His pains, which are invented for the sake of shirking and avoiding work, become real to him. His refuses to face up to the truth and reality about Bentham and the deception surrounding the news of the will. When reality invades at the conclusion of the play in the form of Mary’s pregnancy and the actual removal of his material possessions, Boyle is unable to cope. His final entrance dramatized in a drunken fragmentary soliloquy is tragic. His habitual escape into fantasy is pathetically expressed through his drunken pose – ‘ Commandant Kelly died†¦. in them arms†¦.. Tell me Volunteer Bullies says he that I died for Ireland’. Mary who represents the younger generation also falls victim to illusion. On her first appearance in the play, she is shown to be on strike for a principle. The oppressive and stifling atmosphere generated by the tenement life forces her to seek escape through Bentham. For her he represents another way of life and values outside the restricting and debilitating atmosphere within the two- roomed tenement. She falls victim to the subtle deception of Bentham’ middle-class gentility. She is blinded by external appearances and ends up a tragic victim of Bentham’s hypocrisy and selfishness At the conclusion of the play, she is forced to return to the reality of the slum life with Juno in spite of all her attempts to escape through learning and books. Answer Juno and the Paycock is a play that was written by Sean OCasey. It is one of the most often performed and highly regarded plays in Ireland. Juno and the Paycock was first staged at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin in 1924. Juno and the Paycock: Tragoi-comedy. Tragi-comedy is a kind of writing in which comedy is hovering on the brinks of tragedy. OCasey’s â€Å"Juno and the Paycock† is a tragi-comedy although, on the whole, it is a serious and somber play having much destruction and violence. But there are a number of comic elements in the play which would not fit into the pattern of a tragedy. On the other hand, as the comic elements do not outweigh the tragic ones, it would be inappropriate to label the play as a comedy. It means there is a co-existence in the play of tragic and comic elements and so, the best course is to treat it as a tragi-comedy. Trade Union. JUNO AND THE PAYCOCK Sean O Casey ACT 1 (in a labour family house, not very well furnished) Johnny and Mary Boyle are siblings and members of a Trade Union. Mary is 22 and Johnny is her younger brother. He was injured at the hip by a bullet and at the arm by a bomb: he is an activist. One of Mary’s friend, Jennie Claffey has been fired so Mary wants to demonstrate (Union Trade). Mrs Boyle doesn’t support those behaviours on the part of her Children. Mrs Tancred son was killed during a an armed fight. The Boyle family is poor and Mrs Boyle borrows money. She doesn’t want her husband to come at home with his friend, Joxer, and to spoil all the coal and the food. Johnny is crippled and relies much on others. Jerry Devine has found a Job for the Captain (Juno’s Husband), but the latter pretends the pain is his legs prevents him from working. Jerry Devine is in Love with Mary, but she hangs out with another guy. Jerry Devine saw them together. Jerry devine is a very polite and a very correct guy. Juno makes Joxer go and goes to work. Then Joxer comes again. He is much afraid of Juno. He and the Captain have a conversation. The captain doesn’t want to work. He doesn’t like clergymen. Then Joxer has a quick leave as Juno comes back with Mary and Mr Bentham (the other guy Mary sees). He is 25 and seems to be rich. He has great news for the captain. Benthan says Ellison of Santry, a relative of John Boyle the captain) is dead and he will receive half of his belongings. Then John Boyle get angry with Jox. Things now goes well between he and his wife though. ACT 2 (two days later + the pace is full of belongings and adornments of all sorts) Boyle is friend again with Jox and spend is money joyfully. As he is rich, he seem to have changed views about clergyman. Father Farell (the one proposing him the job in particular). Charles and Mary seem to appreciate each other much. Boyle and the former are having a conversation. As Bentham speaks about spirits Johnny sees the phantom of Robbie Tancred in the left room. The captain is sometimes called Jack. Mrs madigan (a woman to whom the captain owes a few pounds) comes in. They sing. Then Mrs Tancred is heard in the street, going to the burial of her son. Nugent (tailor + he talked with the captain about his job and the Father) comes and asks them to shut the gramophone down. They all go out except John, to see the burial procession. The mobilizer comes and asks John to take part in a meeting of the militia. ACT 3 (two months later+ same setting) Bentham hasn’t been seen for a month. He has given up on Mary. Mrs Boyle brings her to the doctor’s. The captain has borrowed much money to all his neighbours but it seems he won’t get it. Nugent, the tailor comes and takes back a suit he had made for Jack. Mrs Madigan, who wants to be repaid, comes and takes the gramophone for which the captain hasn’t paid yet. The captain and Joxer quarrel about the rumours and the girls come back from the doctror’s. Marry is pregnant, Bentham is the father. Bentham also misinterpreted the will and the Captain won’t have his share. People come to remove the furniture that hasn’t been paid for. Two irregulars (from the militia) take hold of Johnny (called Sean) to take him by force. He is accused of having killed Tancred. One hour later the house is completely empty. Johnny was killed. Two policemen come for Mrs Boyle to check up the corpse. The girls will live together and take care of the baby. Until Mary drops they will live at Juno’s sister. Joxer and Boyle come back completely drunk. Boyle says the whole world is in a state of crisis.

Forensic Pathology as a Career Essay -- Forensic Pathology Careers Med

Forensic Pathology as a Career The career that I researched was forensic pathology. The job of a pathologist is to determine a person’s cause of death by examining tissues and fluids from the body. A forensic pathologist does this as well, but they are trained to examine people who died unexpectedly or violently and to recognize other things that a regular pathologist might not, such as recognizing something as intentional rather than accidental. They have to determine who the person is, the time of death, the manner of death, and if it was accidental, the instruments which caused the death. To get an idea about the patient, the forensic pathologist would first get some information about the person’s past, including their medical history. By having this information, they would know to check if the person’s death was related to a drug overdose, or if unusual chemicals in the body were caused by medications the person was taking and they were related to the cause of death. They would perform an autopsy, looking for things such as toxins in the body, broken skin, evidence of sexual assault, etc., and record their findings and their determined cause of death. Also, as forensic pathologists are trained to interpret methods of injury, they will examine living individuals in cases of suspected rape/sexual assault or child abuse, determining whether the pattern of injuries is consistent with accidental or intentional injuries, usually for law-enforcement purposes only. ... Forensic Pathology as a Career Essay -- Forensic Pathology Careers Med Forensic Pathology as a Career The career that I researched was forensic pathology. The job of a pathologist is to determine a person’s cause of death by examining tissues and fluids from the body. A forensic pathologist does this as well, but they are trained to examine people who died unexpectedly or violently and to recognize other things that a regular pathologist might not, such as recognizing something as intentional rather than accidental. They have to determine who the person is, the time of death, the manner of death, and if it was accidental, the instruments which caused the death. To get an idea about the patient, the forensic pathologist would first get some information about the person’s past, including their medical history. By having this information, they would know to check if the person’s death was related to a drug overdose, or if unusual chemicals in the body were caused by medications the person was taking and they were related to the cause of death. They would perform an autopsy, looking for things such as toxins in the body, broken skin, evidence of sexual assault, etc., and record their findings and their determined cause of death. Also, as forensic pathologists are trained to interpret methods of injury, they will examine living individuals in cases of suspected rape/sexual assault or child abuse, determining whether the pattern of injuries is consistent with accidental or intentional injuries, usually for law-enforcement purposes only. ...

Our Declining Education System :: essays research papers

Our Declining Education System According to "A Nation at Risk", the American education system has declined due to a " rising tide of mediocrity" in our schools. States such as New York have responded to the findings and recommendations of the report by implementing such strategies as the "Regents Action Plan" and the "New Compact for Learning". In the early 1980's, President Regan ordered a national commission to study our education system. The findings of this commission were that, compared with other industrialized nations, our education system is grossly inadequate in meeting the standards of education that many other countries have developed. At one time, America was the world leader in technology, service, and industry, but overconfidence based on a historical belief in our superiority has caused our nation to fall behind the rapidly growing competitive market in the world with regard to education. The report in some respects is an unfair comparison of our education system, which does not have a national standard for goals, curriculum, or regulations, with other countries that do, but the findings nevertheless reflect the need for change. Our education system at this time is regulated by states which implement their own curriculum, set their own goals and have their own requirements for teacher preparation. Combined with this is the fact that we have lowered our expectations in these areas, thus we are not providing an equal or quality education to all students across the country. The commission findings generated recommendations to improve the content of education and raise the standards of student achievement, particularly in testing, increase the time spent on education and provide incentives to encourage more individuals to enter the field of education as well as improving teacher preparation. N.Y. State responded to these recommendations by first implementing the Regents Action Plan; an eight year plan designed to raise the standards of education. This plan changed the requirements for graduation by raising the number of credits needed for graduation, raising the number of required core curriculum classes such as social studies, and introduced technology and computer science. The plan also introduced the Regents Minimum Competency Tests, which requires a student to pass tests in five major categories; math, science, reading, writing, and two areas of social studies. Although the plan achieved many of its goals in raising standards of education in N.Y. State, the general consensus is that we need to continue to improve our education system rather than being satisfied with the achievements we have made thus far. Therefore, N.Y. adopted "The New Compact for Learning". This plan is based on the principles that all children can learn. Our Declining Education System :: essays research papers Our Declining Education System According to "A Nation at Risk", the American education system has declined due to a " rising tide of mediocrity" in our schools. States such as New York have responded to the findings and recommendations of the report by implementing such strategies as the "Regents Action Plan" and the "New Compact for Learning". In the early 1980's, President Regan ordered a national commission to study our education system. The findings of this commission were that, compared with other industrialized nations, our education system is grossly inadequate in meeting the standards of education that many other countries have developed. At one time, America was the world leader in technology, service, and industry, but overconfidence based on a historical belief in our superiority has caused our nation to fall behind the rapidly growing competitive market in the world with regard to education. The report in some respects is an unfair comparison of our education system, which does not have a national standard for goals, curriculum, or regulations, with other countries that do, but the findings nevertheless reflect the need for change. Our education system at this time is regulated by states which implement their own curriculum, set their own goals and have their own requirements for teacher preparation. Combined with this is the fact that we have lowered our expectations in these areas, thus we are not providing an equal or quality education to all students across the country. The commission findings generated recommendations to improve the content of education and raise the standards of student achievement, particularly in testing, increase the time spent on education and provide incentives to encourage more individuals to enter the field of education as well as improving teacher preparation. N.Y. State responded to these recommendations by first implementing the Regents Action Plan; an eight year plan designed to raise the standards of education. This plan changed the requirements for graduation by raising the number of credits needed for graduation, raising the number of required core curriculum classes such as social studies, and introduced technology and computer science. The plan also introduced the Regents Minimum Competency Tests, which requires a student to pass tests in five major categories; math, science, reading, writing, and two areas of social studies. Although the plan achieved many of its goals in raising standards of education in N.Y. State, the general consensus is that we need to continue to improve our education system rather than being satisfied with the achievements we have made thus far. Therefore, N.Y. adopted "The New Compact for Learning". This plan is based on the principles that all children can learn.

Music Triggers Sexua

Music triggers early sexual activity – study published: Sunday | March 2, 2008 Gareth Manning, Sunday Gleaner Reporter Tony Matterhorn thrilling the crowd at Passa Passa on Spanish Town Road in February 2004. A study found that reggae music is one of the influencing factors of early sexual behaviour in teens. – File Teenagers are identifying music, mainly of the dancehall genre, as a trigger for early sexual intercourse, according to a scientific study conducted by public policy analyst and doctoral candidate, Tazhmoye Crawford, at the University of the West Indies, Mona, last year.The study, which centred on contraceptive use among adolescents, revealed that a number of children aged nine to 17, identified popular music as the main influence for experimenting with sex. Music was identified as the fifth leading reason for having intercourse, with 10 per cent of boys indicating that it was the main reason, compared to three per cent of girls. But, the study's findings is generating a mix of arguments among artistes as well as academics.Behavioural scientist and music educator, Dr Marilyn Anderson says despite the fact that the music is being laid out as part of the culture, there is no doubt that hard-core dancehall lyrics and content has an impact on the brain. â€Å"Some rhythms, timbres and amplitudes of the music can affect emotional behaviour in humans, particularly the young,† she says. Sexual activity on buses She surmises there is a direct correlation, for example, between the loud, hard-core music played on some public transportation and the proliferation of sexual display and activity on these same buses.Lecturer and author, Dr Donna Hope says while there are legitimate linkage between the two, the influence of the music is not great when compared to other influences like peer pressure and early exposure to pornography. â€Å"The role of the music is quite negligible,† she explains, â€Å"except that it takes so much from w hat is around us in the society then it would speak about these scenes in ways that would suggest – along with all the things that are happening on the ground – that, yes, a man should have sex because the heterosexual practice is very important in defining who is a man†.Her thoughts are shared by Dylan Pow, organiser of the famed ‘Passa Passa' street dance that takes place on the west Kingston end of Spanish Town Road. He argues that dancehall music is merely a speck in the array of sexual messages promoted by the mass media and is, therefore, no more influential than Hip Hop or Soca. Pow adds that sexuality is only one component of the music which reflects a wide cross-section of the inner-city experience. â€Å"Sometimes is a slack man on top [of the music charts]; sometime is a bad man on top; sometimes is a comedic artiste on top,† he says.He reasons that while events like his does not shun children, despite the graphic overture of sexuality, it does not influence them any more than other aspects of global popular culture. â€Å"The kids are not patrons, they are not buying liquor, they not doing anything and if you go to any open event in Jamaica for the most part, you going to find children who should be in their bed sleeping,† he adds. Big impact on teenagers Popular cultural artiste Tony Rebel is not buying the argument that dancehall merely mirrors the experiences of inner-city folk. He says it equally impacts on those receiving the message, especially teenagers.He says while it is not the only medium of exposure and influence, it plays an important part in early sexualisation. â€Å"The music is the one that is teaching a lot of the youths how to have sex, the name of certain types of sex acts, how to do it. It is all descriptive and even prescriptive,† he argues. He adds that the music has reduced sex to a casual activity and fails to promote and educate youngsters about protecting themselves from sexu ally transmitted diseases during intercourse. Rebel notes too that more males are impacted by the sexual messages coming out of the dancehall because it is delivered from a masculine perspective

A Critical Reflection of My Own Experience of Leadership The WritePass Journal

A Critical Reflection of My Own Experience of Leadership Introduction A Critical Reflection of My Own Experience of Leadership ). However, I came to know that he did not go through development programmes for creative problem solving, which I think is necessary, considering that for a leader, the use of collaborative skills and creativity techniques is part of the leadership strategy, just as what Higgins (2012) had suggested. In this regard, since Mr. M enabled his people to work well in delegation, he was able to function well as a coach. He was the kind who was willing to delegate and was comfortable to hand off assignments to the team. The kind of matters he delegated to those he led was not simply those referring to tasks but to responsibilities, which also harmonised with the discussion of Lussier and Achua (2010).   Mr. M was not the kind of leader who would think that he was the boss with adequate knowledge and experience as an approach to problem solving.   Solving problems by a leader because he thinks he is the most capable one is what Tracy (2013) called reverse delegation. Instead, Mr. M avoids committing this reverse delegation by making us define the problem clearly, developing a range of solutions, and selecting a solution being recommended.   I believe Mr. M was able to grow his staff – which was one of his major responsibilities as a leader – by helping them develop pr oblem-solving skills. I once asked him for a solution to a certain problem, and his responses was (as always) â€Å"What do you think must be done in this situation?† Thus, in many cases, he was able to make team members determine the best course of action for a certain problem or situation. There were times when a problem seemed too overwhelming to be handled by a member and would seek his help, to which his usual response would be to insist that the person must learn how to do it, with his guidance. Incidentally, Tracy (2013) stated that in case an employee returns to the leader with a complain that he/she could not do the job rightly, it is better for both of them if the leader guides the person in accomplishing the job rather than taking it back and adding it to his load, which is probably full. As much as he could, Mr. M does not take sides or intervene in interpersonal problems, to which some people in our team would attempt to make him a mediator or a counselor. His tendency was not to express an opinion showing favour to one party over the other. This stance was also taken as positive by Tracy (2013), who said that as a rule, one would not be able to have the full story, and once a leader takes a particular position, it might mean weakening his authority with both persons in the future.   As a result of good performance, the performing employee was rewarded by the leader. Areas for My Own Development Based on the case presented, the suggested areas for my own development as a leader are: delegating responsibilities to my team members, promoting decision-making through problem solving, and motivating the workforce through a high degree of autonomy and job control. I have learned through this exercise that delegating responsibilities is not only to free or unburden the leader of the many workloads but to provide opportunities for growth. Similarly, involving the whole team toward a problem-solving activity results in providing an opportunity for decision making. Noteworthy here is the fact that decision making allows employees to become more involved in the job (Bhattacharya and McGlothlin, 2011). I am also noting that a high level of autonomy in the job necessitates corresponding skills sets for the work, in which employees with high job autonomy tend to perceive greater responsibility for either the success or failure of their efforts, and are also likely to experience increased job satisfaction (Lewis et al., 2007).   My members’ skills must therefore be in synch with the level of autonomy required in their job, and that I could help them work on developing their skills through related training and coaching. Conclusion To conclude, the leader plays a crucial role in the development of members and in achieving organisational goals. This insight was demonstrated by this critical reflection through its discussion of delegation, problem solving, job autonomy, and maintaining one’s authority by not taking sides in members’ problems with interpersonal relationships.   Mr. M was able to promote trust and motivation both for himself and for his team members, typical of transformational leadership theory. Transactional theory had also demonstrated a specific transaction based on a mutually beneficial relationship between the leader and the followers. This case also complemented with the path-goal theory in which the leader guides the members in treading a desired path. The case led to identification of my own areas for development. References Bhattacharya, A. and McGlothlin, J. D. (2011) Occupational Ergonomics: Theory and Applications. Second Edition. NW: CRC Press. Bligh, M. C. and Riggio, R. E. (2013) Exploring Distance in Leader-Follower Relationships: When Near is Far and Far is Near. NY: Routledge. Gittens, B. E. (2008) Perceptions of the Applicability of Transformational Leadership Behavior to the Leader Role of Academic Department Chairs: A Study of Selected Universities in Virginia. Parkway: ProQuest LLC. Griffin, R. W. and Moorhead, G. (2012) Organizational Behavior. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage-Learning. Higgins, J. M. (2012) The role of HR in fostering innovation in organizations. In G. M. Benscoter (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Human Resource Management: Thematic Essays (pp. 226-238). NJ: John Wiley Sons. Lewis, P., Goodman, S., Fandt, P., and Michlitsch, J. (2007) Management: Challenges for Tomorrow’s Leaders. Mason, OH: Thomson Higher Education. Lussier, R. and Achua, C. (2010) Leadership: Theory, Application, and Skill Development. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Martin, B., Cashel, C., Wagstaff, M., and Breunig, M. (2006) Outdoor Leadership: Theory and Practice. IL: Human Kinetics. Parker, G. M. (2008) Team Players and Teamwork: New Strategies for Developing Successful Collaboration. NJ: John Wiley Sons. Pride, W., Hughes, R., and Kapoor, J. (2010) Business. Tenth Edition. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Ricketts, C. and Ricketts, J. (2011) Leadership: Personal Development Career Success. Third Edition. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Tracy, B. (2013) Delegation and Supervision. NY: AMACOM.

The Role of Aphrodite in Greek essays

The Role of Aphrodite in Greek essays The Role of The Greek Goddess Aphrodite In Divine Myth As a mother, and arguably a daughter, the Greek goddess of love is a powerful and passionate woman. The Greek goddess Aphrodite is portrayed in Greek myth as a mysterious and beautiful seductress but yet she is also depicted as devious and cunning. There are some Greek myths that suggest that Aphrodite is the daughter of Zeus and Dione, but the favorable and most common myth of Aphrodites commencement of life is from the sea. She is born from the surrounding foam from the severed genitals of Uranus. In Hesiods description of the birth of Aphrodite, she emerged from the sea as a modest and beautiful goddess (Theogony 193). Aphrodite is such an influential goddess, according to Hesiod, that even the great god Zeus uses her characteristics in the producing of Pandora Aphrodite the golden he told to crown her head (Pandora) with desire/but with the heartbreak as well, and all the aching sorrow of love (Works and Days 64-65). Aphrodite is married to the Greek god Hephaestus, but their marriage is a complete mockery of the sacred union to the gods and goddesses on Mount Olympus. Aphrodite is known for her frequent rendez-vous with Ares. The kind where many of the other gods and goddesses are well aware of too. As Homer says, Ares would wait till Hephaestus would leave town, and then go into his house where Aphrodite would be waiting in bed for him. They are both caught together by Hephaestus, while Poseidon pays Ares debt to Hephaestus (Odyssey 8.266-366). Aphrodite does not only cheat on Hephaestus with immortal gods but she also has passionate relationships with mortal men as well. The prince Anchises is fooled by Aphrodites beauty and deceitfulness when Zeus casts a spell on Aphrodite to lust over a mortal man. At first Anchises is love struck and does not care who or what Aphrodite is (thus it is sinful for a morta...

The Woman of Willendorf

The Woman of Willendorf Free Online Research Papers The Woman of Willendorf was discovered in 1908 by the archaeologist Josef Szombathy. The sculpture is one of the greatest findings in art history and is considered a significant symbol of what we know about beauty from the past. The Woman of Willendorf was found in an Aurignacian loess deposit in a terrace about 30 meters above the Danube River (Witcombe 1). She was originally named the Venus of Willendorf because it was first suggested that the sculpture was a Venus figure or Goddess, used as a symbol of fertility. Author Marilyn Stokstad indicates this â€Å"distortion† was made â€Å"by the names early scholars gave to the hundreds of small prehistoric statues of women they found. They called them by the Roman name â€Å"Venus†. In a short time, most similar works of sculpture from the Upper Paleolithic period came to be known as Venus figures. The name was repeated so often that even scholars began to assume that these had to be fertility figures and mother goddesses, although there is no proof that this was so† (Stockstad 5). The early scholars used the name of the Roman goddess of love and beauty, hence illustrating a connection with religious beliefs. Also, persons during this time period started to consider that she represented a typical statue of womanhood and that she was the definition of â€Å"classical† beauty. However, many pieces of art that were discovered soon after the Woman of Willendorf had very similar names. Scholars started to assume that all these findings had to do with mother goddesses and fertility figures giving them the wrong impression considering no proof existed. When her name was changed from the Venus of Willendorf to the Woman of Willendorf. The last par t of her name, Willendorf, was given to her because she was discovered near the town of Willendorf in Austria. This finding was such an important breakthrough that she changed the minds of many people on how they perceive beauty today. She is the most famous early image of a woman ever discovered. There are hundreds of these amazing pieces of miniature art that exist and each and every one is extremely detailed. A majority of these statues are carved from oolitic limestone, a more common substance used during the time period instead of ivory which was much more rare, and are colored with red orche. Since she is made of limestone, it is easy to come to the conclusion that she wasn’t an idol or a God. If she were a figure worthy of worship, she would be made out of better resources showing she was more valued or more important. This figurine measure approximately 11.1 centimeters in height and are small enough to fit in one’s pocket. She is dated and introduced in 22,000 to 21,000 BCE. She was one of the first pieces of art ever discovered in the Upper Paleolithic period, also referred to as the Old Stone Age (40,000-8,000 BCE) (Stokstad 5). The Woman of Willendorf is thought to be a symbol of fertility. She has a distended stomach that sticks out extremely far and she has enlarged breasts that are emphasized more than any other part of her body. Her wedged out stomach symbolizes that she could possibly be trying to get pregnant if she is not already pregnant. Her large breasts symbolize the perfect shape and size of a woman who gave birth or is about to give birth. They represent and show that she is a good model that can produce lots of nutrients for her and her spouse’s young. Her pubic area is greatly emphasized showing the importance that she is a woman. She has a large bellybutton that is extremely noticeable, drawing attention to the stomach area where babies are developed. The red ochre pigment covering her stomach has been thought to symbolize menstrual blood seen as a life-giving agent. She also has noticeably large hips, possibly designed to represent child-bearing hips. Even today it is though t of as a good asset to have large hips for the same reasons as why it was values so much during this time period. It has been suggested that the larger a woman’s hips are correlates directly to a better chance that labor and delivery will be a success. Research Papers on The Woman of WillendorfMind TravelCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesCapital PunishmentHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Week 4 paper 07012008 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 4 paper 07012008 - Essay Example he users of financial and managerial information like balance sheets, income and expenditure accounts, cash flows and other accounting information can therefore be divided into two groups, internal users of accounting information and external users of accounting information. Managerial accounting information is historical or forecasted information that is collected to help in managing and planning business strategies. (Warren, C., Reeve, J. & Fess, P., 2004) This information is used by a company’s managers and employees etc. Accounting information is used by every member within an organization for many reasons. These users can be from higher or the lower levels of management. Internal users of accounting information could use accounting information for a variety of reasons. Firstly, this information can be used to analyze previous year’s performance. This performance would help them in business decisions in future. A company could also use this information to calculate various ratios that will help it determine is profitability and liquidity. Employees could use this information before demanding for wage increase. Largely, all business decision making is based upon such information. Owners of the company can use this information to see whe ther their retained profits are enough to cover up for a planned investment in future. Financial accounting information is information that is collected for groups who are not a part of the organization. These groups include shareholders, investors, government agencies, creditors, customers, suppliers and of course, the general public. (Warren, C., Reeve, J. & Fess, P., 2004) Shareholders will use a firm’s accounting information to determine their current or future share values. Investors would use accounting information to help decide whether or not they want to invest in particular company. They would use accounting information to calculate different ratios that will help them in deciding where to invest. Government

Philosophy of Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy of Punishment - Essay Example However, the concept of punishment as largely arisen from a retributive practice as a form of providing justification for the victim (Alexander 2012). A greater liberal justification of punishment is the sense of isolating and getting rid of all threats in the society so as to achieve social order and to ensure that criminal aggression is kept within control (Bedau 2010). The threatened punishments are deemed to be necessary as due process of law. In the modern day, punishment is defined as any form of pain, suffering, confinement or loss that has been imposed by auhtoruty on a person for an offense (the authority having the subject for the offense). However, the definition of punishment also needs to include the effects and incidents related to the punishment including exclusions to be made. Early man caused punishment to include destruction of those objects or people who harmed or threatened to harm society or property. In this paper, the broad philosophies of punishment would be c onsidered along with the various models that are being used (Alexander 2012). Body The first model of punishment being considered is retribution. Retribution is a theory of justice that punishment should be appropriate or proportionate to the type and seriousness of the crime with the aim of achieving satisfaction and psychological benefits for the aggrieved party and the society in general. Often the saying goes ‘an eye for an eye’ and ‘a tooth for a tooth’, wherein the severity of the punishment should be based on the severity of the wrongdoing. According to Michael Davis, a philosopher, the amount of punishment as per retributive justice should be based on the amount of unfair advantage that has been gained by the wrongdoer. In proposing such a theory, he wanted greater reform in the reformative justice being done. Following the development of this theory, judges considered the mitigating factors for various crimes based on the situations existing (Bedau 2010). Vengeance or revenge is more of harmful form of action as a reaction to crime and a form of grievance and may be based on societal rules. Over time vengeance has evolved and today is being implemented with greater social cohesion. Death penalty is a form vengeance wherein some societies have it even for other crimes such as child rape. Many religions such as Christianity and Buddhism go against the concept of revenge. Vengeance may be considered as a form of retribution. However, in today’s justice system, punishment has gone much more beyond mere revenge with an intention of protecting society in general (Bright 1995). Deterrence considers that punishment is necessary for any crime and should often be based on the gravity of the crime, so that the crimes are avoided not only by the offender, but also by other potential offenders that may be present in society. There are 2 types of deterrence’s, namely general deterrence and specific deterrence. In general dete rrence, specific events would help to prevent crimes in general, so that unintended behavior is removed from society. In specific deterrenc

Karl Marx on Labor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Karl Marx on Labor - Essay Example Marx therefore, was primarily concerned with the way in which people are related to the ‘means of production’ (Morrison 44) which embodies anything that people use in order to survive; in other words anything that provides the means by which man can â€Å"obtain livelihoods, produce income and acquire needs† (Morrison 44), such as tools, raw materials, employment that provides monetary rewards and land that provides food, drink and fuel. Further to Marx’s concept of means of production is that a person’s relationship to it, ascertains their position in society, their class (Ebeling 9). One class however, according to Marx has owned and controlled the means of production all through history; thus society is divided into classes based on economic status, with the owners of the means of production becoming the ruling class. His theory therefore, posits that the forces of production are conveyed through social relationships that are autonomous of individ ual purpose or will. Marx called the ruling class the bourgeois society and defined them as those who live on the profits of the labour of others; the important point here is that for Marx, the possession of money does not in itself define bourgeoisie but by the fact that the money is increased by the employment and exploitation of other people’s labour . ... For Marx, the social relationship is not only exploitative but is also contradictory, wherein the concerns of each party are opposed to each other (Quigley 3). He further argued that such a class system then was typified by dispute and class struggles (Giddens & Held 151) focussed on elements that encourage divides and disparities. In fact for Marx, every aspect of society is based on such factors; government, family, institutions and religion all help to promote and justify advantage and control for some at the detriment of others. His theories of conflict and power propose that capitalism manipulates the market and becomes more and more powerful, and that they endeavour to dominate not only the financial systems via means of production but also the political policies and government (Smith and Rickett 952). It is the ideologies of the ruling class that prevail within a capitalist regime and therefore the workers or proletariat are seen merely as an object of commodity (Quigley 2) an d simply a means to an end; in other words, profit for the ruling class. The proletariat, with no choice or control over production or distribution of the products they produce is therefore, according to Marx, disconnected from that which they manufacture and work on and they are only able to receive a small wage for that labour; thus what they produce does not belong to them in any way (Quigley 2). This separation from the product the workers produce is what Marx calls alienation of labour. Marx noted four aspects of alienation in terms of labour, the first of which is separation of the worker from the product they produce; these products within

Consulting Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consulting Report - Essay Example The global economic recession has reduced the number of readers and has significantly reduced the advertising revenues. The publishing cost has been increased and major of the newspaper publishing organizations have increased the price level. Therefore, the readers are going for free online news contents. The study will analyze the recent trends in the newspaper industry. Moreover, the study will analyze and evaluate the strategies that have been adopted by the leading organization within the US newspaper industry. The study will provide details of the adopted strategies by the publishing industry in order to overcome the current losses. By implementing internal and external analysis of this industry, the study will reveal the measures to be adopted and implemented by the Chronicle Gazette in order to increase its subscription and advertising revenues. State of the Newspaper publishing Industry Within the US newspaper publishing industry, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times a nd USA Today are three leading players. Data on Declining Circulation The Wall Street Journal is the leading newspaper in US considering the daily sales figure. Apart from the US editions, the newspaper also has European and Asian Edition. For the six months till March 31, 2010, the number of daily week day circulation was a base of 2,092,523 readers. On the other hand, for the same period the figure of circulation base has decreased to 1,913,284 readers. New York Times is another leading newspaper within US. The circulation figure of New York Times’ weekday edition has failed by 8.5% to approximately 950,000 subscriptions. Moreover, the study edition of this specific newspaper has failed by 5.2% at end of 2010. USA Today is one of the major daily selling newspapers in US. During the last six months since March 31, the sale of newspaper has declined by 13.6%. Status of Newspaper leaders Recently the wall street journal has accepted an effective price based model of paid and f ree access in order to overcome these challenges. Now-a-days, they used to publish their news content through online. Several news cover ages including sports news, political news, and entertainment and art news are being available for free to the each and every online reader. The journal has able to attract the focus of potential target segment to the organization website by providing niche news contents. Reason behind Declining Circulation and Revenue An external and internal assessment has been developed in order to reveal the reasons behind declining revenue and circulation of newspaper publication organizations. External assessment This part will implement PESTLE and Porter’s five force model in order to determine the external assessment. PESTLE Analysis PESTLE analysis will determine the impact of political, social, economical, legal, technological and environmental factors on the newspaper publication industry in US. Political Several political parties are influencing and providing money to online sources. Moreover, they are not supporting the newspaper publication companies. Economical Recent recession has affected the buying behavior of customers. Due to low disposable income, people are shifting towards online news contents. Social, Cultural and Demographical Current social trend towards the online news sources, reduced women subscribers and availability of advanced

FSAs Role towards the Collapse of Global Financial Services Industry Essay

FSAs Role towards the Collapse of Global Financial Services Industry - Essay Example It resulted in the failure of the key businesses, downturn in the economic activity directing to the 2008-12 global recessions and the decline in the consumer wealth. During this period economies globally slowed, as international trade declined and credit tightened. The explanation of the financial crisis is that hasty loans in the form of mortgages were made to people who do not have any possibility of paying them back. These loans were enclosed up into exotic financial products that were specified with high ratings by credit rating agencies, and were sold to investors thus looking for high yields at low risk. When default on the mortgages began to grow in large numbers, it led to unexpected losses on the products. A chain of bankruptcies, government providing emergency credit lines, balance sheet write downs, insurance and nationalisation of several institutions followed. Investors were inattentive in their understanding of what they were actually purchasing and sub-prime borrowers were insincere in taking out loans that they should have known they could not finally meet the repayments on. The crash reveals a quick drying up of liquidity following a huge expansion in credit issued to consumers and financial institutions in a number of countries. The investors have suffered harsh experiences with currency attacks and collapses, thereby negatively affecting the balance sheet of their financial institutions and corporations due to high degree of liability dollarization, therefore deepening the crisis further. Enormously disruptive to economic development and growth, in emerging market economies, these experiences have made policy makers aware of the massive cost that they have to bear by participating in the financial globalization process. By the middle of 2007, over dependence on market forces without proper regulatory systems and mechanisms in place to govern the globalization process led to emergence of huge cracks intimidating the stability of world economy on the two fronts: global financial crisis and the sharp increase of the primary commodity prices. The commodities have registered a sharp rise in prices in 2007, with extreme volatility. The increased prices of commodity hit the world when most Western economies were making effort to get away from recession and a sharp economic downturn amidst the credit crunch that had engrossed the financial institution and markets in the Western Europe and United States. There was a huge fear that the on-going financial crisis may turn into global depression of the 21st century. However, Central banks and governments responded with monetary policy expansion, unprecedented fiscal stimulus and institutional bailouts. Having lost room for additional interest rate cuts like a monetary policy instrument, most of the Central banks have engaged in hostile quantitative easing, through purchasing commercial securities and government bonds and generating an asset in the central bank account against which bank lending can be continued. By increasing money supply through this channel, it is expected to re-establish confidence in financial markets and institutions and unlock frozen credit lines. This paper will focus on the role of UK Financial Services Authority (FSA) for the reform of financial markets in the UK. It will lead to the build-up of the UK economy and the international economy. Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on UK Economy The effect of the financial crisis is on both the commercial and residential property markets in the UK. Over the first half of 2008, the economic activity in the UK had slowed down, thereby reaching at decline stage by the end of second quarter. Initially the government investment has provided some stimulus but

Consulting Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consulting Report - Essay Example The global economic recession has reduced the number of readers and has significantly reduced the advertising revenues. The publishing cost has been increased and major of the newspaper publishing organizations have increased the price level. Therefore, the readers are going for free online news contents. The study will analyze the recent trends in the newspaper industry. Moreover, the study will analyze and evaluate the strategies that have been adopted by the leading organization within the US newspaper industry. The study will provide details of the adopted strategies by the publishing industry in order to overcome the current losses. By implementing internal and external analysis of this industry, the study will reveal the measures to be adopted and implemented by the Chronicle Gazette in order to increase its subscription and advertising revenues. State of the Newspaper publishing Industry Within the US newspaper publishing industry, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times a nd USA Today are three leading players. Data on Declining Circulation The Wall Street Journal is the leading newspaper in US considering the daily sales figure. Apart from the US editions, the newspaper also has European and Asian Edition. For the six months till March 31, 2010, the number of daily week day circulation was a base of 2,092,523 readers. On the other hand, for the same period the figure of circulation base has decreased to 1,913,284 readers. New York Times is another leading newspaper within US. The circulation figure of New York Times’ weekday edition has failed by 8.5% to approximately 950,000 subscriptions. Moreover, the study edition of this specific newspaper has failed by 5.2% at end of 2010. USA Today is one of the major daily selling newspapers in US. During the last six months since March 31, the sale of newspaper has declined by 13.6%. Status of Newspaper leaders Recently the wall street journal has accepted an effective price based model of paid and f ree access in order to overcome these challenges. Now-a-days, they used to publish their news content through online. Several news cover ages including sports news, political news, and entertainment and art news are being available for free to the each and every online reader. The journal has able to attract the focus of potential target segment to the organization website by providing niche news contents. Reason behind Declining Circulation and Revenue An external and internal assessment has been developed in order to reveal the reasons behind declining revenue and circulation of newspaper publication organizations. External assessment This part will implement PESTLE and Porter’s five force model in order to determine the external assessment. PESTLE Analysis PESTLE analysis will determine the impact of political, social, economical, legal, technological and environmental factors on the newspaper publication industry in US. Political Several political parties are influencing and providing money to online sources. Moreover, they are not supporting the newspaper publication companies. Economical Recent recession has affected the buying behavior of customers. Due to low disposable income, people are shifting towards online news contents. Social, Cultural and Demographical Current social trend towards the online news sources, reduced women subscribers and availability of advanced

Storm over the Andes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Storm over the Andes - Essay Example This happens through use of violence and threats. Lawlessness is the result of this political radicalism as they like to call it but it has left the country being run by criminals and unscrupulous characters and who now control the power. On the economic front, after the economic breakdown in the 1970s and 1980s, the Latin America economy underwent several reforms and which have seen the economic growth and success of some of these nations. What is evident is the trade liberalization which has been brought about by the neoliberalism. All this however has been at the expense of the poor who are in no way benefiting from this trade liberalization. The immense success of the economy from the 1990s is being overshadowed by the continuing political storm in the area with the trade proceeds being used to conduct more coups and being misused to gain power and control over the region. With time all these economic success will be deemed futile if the current state of political affairs continues. The political and economic trend according to Lora, (2006) has almost been similar since 1970s where economic success or downturn affects the political stand and vice versa and hence these Latin American nations have almost been moving around in circles with no exit being seen in the near future. Fiscal problems in the 1970s brought about the need to change both the political and economic procedures. This led to the coining of the neo liberalism as well as democracy which lasted for a while throughout the 80s and 90s but then again changed. With the success of the economy in terms of trade tariffs, having economic front with other nations leading to elimination of bureaucracies and strengthening of the public administration came the power greed by the fascists and radicalists in the form of criminals and military. Military coups became the order of the day in the 2000s and political assassinations and attempted

Organisations - Contrast the Assumptions of Mainstream and Critical Approaches to studying Organisations Essay Example for Free

Organisations Contrast the Assumptions of Mainstream and Critical Approaches to studying Organisations Essay An organisation is a group of people intentionally organised to accomplish an overall, common goal or set of goals. Business organisations can range in size from two people to tens of thousands. Organisations are complex phenomena and understanding them – either from the point of view of academic analysis or as a basis for practical attempts to change them – is also complex. It is obvious that organisations vary in a number of key ways, for example structures, cultures, personnel systems, and so on. There are several important aspects to consider about the goal of the business organisation. These features are explicit (deliberate and recognised) or implicit (operating unrecognised, behind the scenes). Ideally, these features are carefully considered and established, usually during the strategic planning process. Vision Members of an organisation often have some image in their minds about how the organisation should be working, how it should appear when things are going well. Mission An organisation operates according to an overall purpose, or mission. Values All organisations operate according to overall values, or priorities in the nature of how they carry out their activities. These values are the personality, or culture, of the organisation. Strategic Goals Organisations members often work to achieve several overall accomplishments, or goals, as they work toward their mission. Strategies Organisations usually follow several overall general approaches to reach their goals. Systems and Processes that (hopefully) are aligned with achieving the Goals Organisations have major subsystems, such as departments, programmes, divisions, teams, etc. Each of these subsystems has a way of doing things to, along with other subsystems; achieve the overall goals of the organisation. Often, these systems and processes are defined by plans, policies and procedures. How you interpret each of the above major parts of an organisation depends very much on your values and your nature. People can view organisations as machines, organisms, families, groups, etc. The study of organisations draws on a number of disciplines: Economics Classical economics viewed the firm as a single decision-unit engaged in maximising profits. It ignored the possibility of conflict between owners, managers and employees. The obsession with competition failed to take into account the other goals which may take precedence in organisations. Organisation theory partly owes its existence to a reaction against such simplistic ideas. It became necessary to understand behaviour which seemed in classical terms to be irrational. Psychology Psychology is a wide-ranging subject. Early psychologists provided an insight into individual behaviour within organisations particularly on aspects of motivation and leadership. The Hawthorne studies led to a realisation of the importance of social phenomena, such as the informal groups, group norms and conformity. Valuable as these micro-level studies were, they only compounded to the issue by making it difficult understand the link between the behaviour of individuals and the structure of the organisation in which they worked. Sociology Organisational sociologists took a wider perspective, setting the organisation within its environmental framework specifically in relation to society and its institutions. Some sociologists have examined formal organisational structures, particularly in relation to technology. Dating from Webers early work on bureaucracy, sociologists have taken a particular interest in non-profit making organisations. Organisations as Systems (Systems or Mainstream Theory) Mainstream Organisational theory thinks of organisations as systems. Simply put, a system is an organised collection of parts that are highly integrated in order to accomplish an overall goal. The system has various inputs which are processed to produce certain outputs, which together, accomplish the overall goal desired by the organisation. There is ongoing feedback among these various parts to ensure they remain aligned to accomplish the overall goal of the organisation. There are several classes of systems, ranging from very simple frameworks all the way to social systems, which are the most complex. Organisations are, of course, social systems. Systems have inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes. To explain, inputs to the system include resources such as raw materials, money, technologies and people. These inputs go through a process where theyre aligned, moved along and carefully coordinated, ultimately to achieve the goals set for the system. Outputs are tangible results produced by processes in the system, such as products or services for consumers. Another kind of result is outcomes, or benefits for consumers, e. g. , jobs for workers, enhanced quality of life for customers, etc. Systems can be the entire organisation, or its departments, groups, processes, etc. Feedback comes from, e. g. , employees who carry out processes in the organisation, customers/clients using the products and services, etc. Feedback also comes from the larger environment of the organisation, e. g. , influences from government, society, economics, and technologies. Each organisation has numerous subsystems, as well. Each subsystem has its own boundaries of sorts, and includes various inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes geared to accomplish an overall goal for the subsystem. Common examples of subsystems are departments, programs, projects, teams, processes to produce products or services, etc. Organisations are made up of people who are also systems of systems of systems and on it goes. Subsystems are organised in a hierarchy needed to accomplish the overall goal of the overall system. The organisational system is defined by, e. g. , its legal documents (articles of incorporation, by laws, roles of officers, etc. , mission, goals and strategies, policies and procedures, operating manuals, etc. The organisation is depicted by its organisational charts, job descriptions, marketing materials, etc. The organisational system is also maintained or controlled by policies and procedures, budgets, information management systems, quality management systems, performance review systems, etc. One of the most common ways at present is to look at organisations is as organisational systems. This view is becoming more common among professionals who study, teach and write about organisations. Practitioners who work with organisational management to improve organisations also tend to view organisations as systems so it has been termed the mainstream approach. Note that machines, organisms, persons, groups, families, family dynasties are all systems, too. Probably everyone in the workplace has their own conception of what organisation means. As with most highly complex terms, everyone is right and everyone is wrong. The concept of organisational culture is much like an organisational personality. Organisations, like people, have life cycles. Many people view organisational learning much like we view organisms to be learning. Organisations can accumulate and manage knowledge as well. There are a variety of books that describe other traits of organisations much like traits of people, e. g. , depressed organisations, addictive organisations, etc. David Needle makes two important points about the dynamics and determinants of organisational structure and functioning: organisations are not simple unitary, consensual entities where everyone agrees on and focuses on shared organisational goals but where sectional, group interests and viewpoints exist and flourish. And although in many ways organisations are the most rational entities ever created where managers and employees strive to make sensible decisions about purposes and to design organisations and processes that efficiently achieve these purposes, in reality irrational forces also play a major role (Salaman, 2001). Setting organisational goals is a complex process whereby both external factors and internal politics need to be taken into consideration. As such, the system is highly dynamic and changes in the goals will occur with changes in the external environment, such as market demand, technology and government policy, as well as changes that take place between interest groups within the organisation e. g. , sales and production departments. A number of goals may operate at any one time. These may conflict, but in general the goals of a business follow closely those of the dominant coalition (Needle, D; Salaman 2001). A change in ownership or top management is likely to lead to a shift in emphasis of the firms operations too. The culture of an organisation refers to those factors which enable us to distinguish one organisation from another and are the product of its history, management, operating environment, technology, goals and so on. More recently the notion of organisational culture has been used in a more positive way and a set of principles have been developed which mark out the culture of a successful company from that of an unsuccessful one (Needle, D: Salaman, 2001). The goals, structure, patterns of ownership and size of an organisation both reflect and are reflected in its culture. The importance of the organisational culture is that it sets the scene for the determination of strategy and hence the operational aspects of organisational life. Mainstream organisation theory has attracted critical attention. Thompson and McHugh (Salaman, 2001), for example, have argued that there is a tendency for a narrow management plus psychology perspective which has little to do with real-life enterprises. In an attempt to produce a science of organisations, the main focus has been on identifying generalisations about behaviour in work situations and applying them to all organisations, regardless of their nature. In particular, theorists have paid scant attention to the differences between organisations which are subject to market forces and those which are not. Thompson and McHugh contend that it is not meaningful to treat organisations as diverse as scout troops and transnational companies within the same analytical framework and using the same domain assumptions (Salaman, 2001). This has been termed the critical approach. Let’s look into the critical approach a little more.

Health Strategy in New Zealand: External Environment Factors

Health Strategy in New Zealand: External Environment Factors INTRODUCTION Health Strategy for New Zealand expresses the need to reduce health inequalities. Health consultants believe that coordinated action to reduce inequalities in health is needed. New Zealand Health Strategy provides a framework for health care, to improve the overall health of New Zealand, and the differences between the New Zealanders with a focus on Maori, Pacific peoples and compensate low-income New Zealanders. The proper functioning of the health strategy for New Zealand takes an approach to population health. This approach takes into account all factors that provides stimulus and how they are resolved to improve health care. There is a diverse combination of factors like age, sex and congenital factors contribute significantly to our health which are relatively unaffected. Recent advances in medical technology can do some genetic changes, but these advances relate to only a small part of the population. But there are other factors that disrupt our health and independence as we po ssibly loose more control. Its effect on our health can be affected by the change of social behavior, individual lifestyle factors. For example, if we smoke, exercise, how much alcohol we drink and social influences of society. Inequalities like theses in health are important public health problems. (Jefin) Public health care in community: As an operations management team in new age public hospital in central Auckland There is an increases in the cases influenza attended in new age public hospital in central Auckland. In my point of view there is an equal right for getting the health services from the hospitals to community areas. They have the right to receive all the health services from the health care professionals. Everyone should one get the treatment of qualitative care. All the preventive measures should be educated in the community areas. Health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment should give by all health professionals. Our hospital aspires to provide all the health services to community area people. Strongly health education is given to communities. Emergency services is to be provide in the remote areas. Efficient staff is to be increased .health promotion activities should be implemented. Health preventive measures should be guided to the public. Promotional activ ities will be planned and it will be implemented effectively. Some health planning programs should be implemented accurately. Generally health determinants are occurred. Many factors occur together to affect the health of the individuals or communities whether people are healthy or not and it is determined by factors. There is a less impact on health care services. Determinants of health include includes mainly are the social and economic environment, physical environment, and the persons individual characteristics and behaviors. Mainly these things determines the people’s health. Environmental determinants which affects the health are safe water and clean air, healthy work places, safe house, communities and roads contribute the good health conditions to the people. When there is an inequalities arisen in all these factors contribute the ill effects on the people’s health. In community areas safety should be educated and implemented. In work places healthy environment should be placed otherwise there is a chance to get the inequalities of health. Health education and providing health services to the community peoples reduces the inequalities and shows the lessen effects on health. Efficient health services prevents and treat the diseases influences the health. Education plays a key role in the health. Due low education levels are effect the health. This the importance about the environmental inequalities of health. (Sirisha) Part-two Five external general environmental factors affecting the organization directly are as follow : The external environment factors are those which affect the organization ability to function from outside. Customers If the hospital is providing good, satisfactory services, treatment then there will be increase in number of the customers but if we are providing expensive treatment for them ultimately the number will decrease. Government If the government is imposing high taxes on medicines, services, packaging, shipment of medicines, product development ultimately there will be increase in cost of the treatment which leads to decrease in the number of patients. Economy Likewise with most of the components of your doctors facilitys outer surroundings, your clinic must be proficient at observing the economy and figuring out how to respond to it, instead of attempting to control it. Financial variables influence how you give administrations, medications and the amount of cash you force on specific treatment, offices, and the sort of target you will pursue. Competition Your rival has a critical impact on how you work together and how you address your target market. You can decide to discover markets that the opposition is not dynamic in, or you can choose to tackle the opposition straightforwardly in the same target market. The achievement and disappointment of your different rivals likewise decides a part of your showcasing arranging, too. For instance, if a long-term rival in a specific market all of a sudden chooses to drop out because of monetary misfortunes, then you will need to modify your wanting to exploit the circumstance. Public Opinion Any sort of company outrage can be hurtful to your associations picture. People in general familiarity with your association can hurt deals its contrary, or it can help deals with constructive firm news. Your firm can impact popular assessment by utilizing advertising experts to discharge vital data, yet it is additionally critical to screen general feeling to attempt and defuse potential issues before they start to spread. (SURAJ) Organizational culture Culture of an organization will tell the personality of that organization and it is the key factor in productivity and workplace performance. All organization follows a corporate culture. The members who all are working in the organization are the main components in organizational culture and they are formulating a healthy culture for their organization .organizational culture includes its expectations, experiences, philosophy and values that they keeping from a long time. All organization follows a corporate culture but it vary from one organization to other. For example, the culture of a large profit organization is totally different than that of a hospital .Our hospital culture is totally depend on patient. Understanding security has turned into a real need to policymakers, medicinal services suppliers and administrators. Affecting a solid patient security society is crucial for advancing this idea among human services experts and managing this idea in health awareness associations. Making patient wellbeing culture a top need is dependent on having a solid and positive patient security society. A few segments of a solid patient wellbeing society incorporate open correspondence, collaboration, and recognized shared reliance. Surveying a health awareness associations patient wellbeing society is the first venture for adding to a solid and strong security society. Mirroring that, numerous worldwide accreditation associations now oblige tolerant security society evaluations to assess the view of health awareness staff on issues, for example, cooperation, moves made by administration and initiative to bolster and advance patient wellbeing, staffing issues, recurrence of episode reporting, an d other patient security society issues. Such appraisals permit human services associations to get an unmistakable perspective of territories obliging consideration regarding reinforce their patient wellbeing culture and distinguish particular difficulties identifying with patient security inside healing facility units. An enormous piece of the answer is society. You can hand guardians an agenda or strengthen the significance of hand-washing, yet unless the work environment is willing to grasp the progressions needed to viably and reliably utilize it, the exertion will probably fizzle. It is the point at which you begin taking a gander at patient wellbeing through the viewpoint of society that you acknowledge how genuinely difficult this work is. We at the Center for Innovation comprehend and have perceived how working environment demeanor encompassing wellbeing can have a significant effect on results of consideration. Security related demeanor, when measured with a legitimate, dependable device, can foresee such clinical results as clinic gained contaminations and bedsores, and additionally operational results including attendant turnover. Society doesnt change overnight, yet it does react to viable intercessions, and we at the Center for Innovation are talented at utilizing instruments both to gauge society and to enhance it. Other culture that fit in our organization Quality care Mostly the hospital are known by the care given by them to the clients. The clients are believing in the management of hospital and they are depending the hospital to cure their disease. It is the responsibility of hospital and staff that assure quality of care to the clients who depend on them. When a hospital provide better care for the patients , the patients are getting cured and there is a chance to get preference for the hospital through that the hospital can increase their economy. Patient satisfaction Hospital leaders increasingly recognize the connection between their cultures and patient satisfaction, some medical specialists and nurses have to make a strong emotional involvement with patients and better treatment and care will create satisfaction on patients and they put some belief on them. So the health professionals should be in the path of patient centric. (Jefin) External environment Factors are as follow: Rise of sophisticated consumers: the clients and suppliers utilize bargaining position for organization’s price, quality and efficiency. Nowadays patient can get information easily from internet. Accrediting bodies: like Phil health, HMO’s and International Accreditation like Joint Commission International play a big role in public accountability which ultimately increases competition in health care delivery. Challenging evolution in healthcare delivery: change in the boundaries like surgeries done in outpatient settings, homecare, health and internet, satellite clinics and laboratories in the mall. Technological Changes: IT and Molecular biology are utilized to improve the laboratory diagnosis and reduce the cost of treatment. Research and Development: New tools and knowledge are generated which are helpful for healthcare consumers. Government policy changes and regulatory influences External Communications: The way the hospital staff member or doctors behave with the patients, treatment, services affect directly. If the services, treatment is good more customer will be there which increase the profit. Infrastructure: If the hospital is at good location with good services there will be more interaction with the peoples and will have good profits. (SURAJ) POWER Power makes the world better .Power plays a vital role in the organization to get a better outcome .It develops our career and future .Normally power depending on the person and how the power is used by him ., Power has some pros and corns while in the using..Of course if we have more power we need to handle carefully. Everyone has a power. It will help us to make a right decision and solve the problem which is normally we are facing in the day to day life.. The five types of social power are following. LEGITIMATE POWER. This is the positional power and that is given to a person based up on their position in the organization. It is given by the authority of the organization We can not afford this power simply ,by getting this power we need to increase our personal power like referent and expert power .Legitimate power is the formal authority to control and use the resources available in the organization. COERCIVE POWER In this power the employees will obey the leader in order to avoid punishments., because they believe that they are under controlled by the leader. EXPERT POWER Expert power is influences getting from as a result of expertise. Or any special skill , or knowledge from a person .For example ,when we have the more complicated work ,we normally dependent on experts to finish our goals, as a result of their special knowledge or a skill on particular task. REWARD POWER In reward power the employees will comply the leader, because it produces positive benefits for them and this power encourage the employees to meet their work goals. REFERENT POWER In this power the employees will act accordance with leader because the employees admires or agree the with the leader who has desirable resources or personal skills .For example, if the employee respect the leader ,and like him all the way. So the leader can exercise power over the employee ,because the employee need to please him. I would like to select the legitimate power from the five source of power available in the organization why because of, the professionalism . in that the employees know who is the leader in my hospital and I can tell employees as a leader how they can reach the goals .Also I have the authority to control employees and the power to use the organizational tools based on my position in the hospital. With my legitimate power, I can make a two main principal strategies to control the outbreak of influenza, such as therapeutic counter measures and public health interventions .In hospital according to the availability of the stock I can ordered to the staff to give some vaccines and antiviral medications to the patients who is suffering from influenza and look after their health by providing some preventive measures to protect them from the infection. And another strategies for the public is infection control , and some social separation to prevent the spreading of the infection and also offer some anti-viral treatments for who is suffering with infections. As a leader should identify essential functions and assign responsibilities for the staff and re assign staff to support the urgent functions as needed during the time of epidemic .Ensure the list of expert staff to perform critical functions is regularly updated before the epidemic outbreak. THE GOOD AND BAD POLITICAL ASPECTS IN AN ORGANIZATION. There are many definitions for the organizational politics butIthinkit is all about organizational power; how we can get it and; how we use it to influence the employees while implementing our own agenda. There are some good and bad political aspects affecting our organization. The positive side of the organizational politics such as organizational flexibility, promotion of multiple perspectives, meritocracy, change of the facilities and implementation of the decision. While in use of politics we can improve the speed of influence and flexibility of our organization. Politics can help to sort out the issues in the organization. Politics can be used for improving the changes that is blocked by the normal influences and also it will help to implement the new decision. Whereas the negative political aspects affecting our organization are Inequality, discrimination and unfairness, distorted decision making, ignore interest of stake holders, inefficiency and time wasting and unequal power distribution. Political activity in our organization tends to form a groups and out groups and there is a chance to ignore the interest of the minor group. Due to political influences the decision strateg y can be lessened. Some individuals or groups can play or show their maximum power in the organization due to politics while others stake holder’s power are ignored. Power corrupts once tasted there is a chance to repeat. The use of political behavior create a taste of power and some times which can lead to a one direction. Bad politics is always spend more time in extensive lobbying and making a relationships which is not necessary for the organization. References: Promoting public health and wellbeing in your community, (2010).retrieved from www.pha.org.nz//How-to-promote-public-health-in-your-community. https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/reducineqal.pdf George N. Root III, Demand Media. Five Components of an Organizations External Environment. Retrieved on April 2, 2015, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-components-organizations-external-environment-17634.html Linda Ray, Demand Media. Seven External Factors of Business. Retrieved on April 2, 2015, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/seven-external-factors-business-21960.html Jennifer Malabrigo. Strategic Management Paper Hospital industry analysis. Retrieved on April 2, 2015, from http://www.slideshare.net/ironswordlady/hospital-industry-analysis-by-jenny-malabrigo UNHCR The UN Refugee Agency.(2011). Epidemic Preparedness and Response in Refugee Camp Settings :Guidance for Public Health Officers. Retrieved on March 28,2015, from http://www.unhcr.org/4f707f509.pdf McAlpin,K,Maurik,J.V., (2012) .Organizational Politics. Retrieved on March 28,2015, from http://www.performancecoachinginternational.com/resources/articles/organisationalpolitics.php WasielewskI , J .(2014, November 12). The 5 sources of power in an organization. . Retrieved on March 28,2015, from http://blog.clickmeeting.com/5-sources-power-organization Merchant, P.(2005). 5 Sources of power in an organization. Retried on March 27,2015, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-sources-power-organizations-14467.html

Internet Regulation :: Internet Essays

Internet Regulation What is the Internet? The definition of the Internet put in one sentence is: A worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange, where anyone with a computer can access the internet through an ISP (Internet Service Provider). The Internet consists of a three level hierarchy composed of backbone networks (e.g. ARPAnet, NSFNet, MILNET), mid-level networks, and stub networks. These include commercial (.com or .co), university (.ac or .edu) and other research networks (.org, .net) and military (.mil) networks and span many different physical networks around the world with various protocols, chiefly the Internet Protocol. The Internet is a global network connecting millions of personal, institutional and company computers. The number of computers used by the internet is growing rapidly. The United States is connected with over 100 countries worldwide and linked together to exchange of data, news and opinions. The Internet is decentralized design. This means that there isn't just one computer that stores all of the information from the Internet. There are many independent host servers located throughout the US and the world that store the information made available to the global Internet community. The Internet is primarily used for these functions: 1. To send and receive e-mail. 2. To transfer files from one computer to another (the files may be text, images, audio, video, etc.). 3. Research to locate information for either government, educational, commercial, etc. 4. To communicate with other computers, either one at a time (Instant message) or many at once (chat rooms or discussion groups). The internet is a work in progress and will continue to evolve. What is Internet Regulation? Internet regulation is basically restricting or controlling access to certain aspects or information. Internet regulation consists of mainly two categories: Censorship of data, and controlling aspects of the Internet. Most of the Internet regulation is imposed by the Government in an effort to protect the best interest of the general public and is concerned with some form of censorship. Other forms of Internet regulation is domain registration, IP address control, etc. In domain registration, once a domain is purchased the Webmaster’s address has to be registered at the time of purchase. A governmental agency can track someone down if they put up information, that the government considers unacceptable. IP address is you Internet identity when you are connected to the web. It is synonymous to a postal address.

Events that Effected Slavery :: American America History

Introduction "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" (Thomas Jefferson). The only problem with this passage from the Declaration of Independence is that it does not say, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men and Negroes are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" Thomas Jefferson's words were not correct. Not all men were created equal and these men were slaves. Slavery has existed throughout the United States for centuries before the present day. This was the most inhumane treatment any man could go through. The following report will express the impact of slavery on the history of the united states of America. The Earliest Slaves in America In the summer of 1619 a 160-ton ship from the Port of Flushing in Holland sailed into the Chesapeake Bay. The Dutch ship was under the command of Captain Jope and piloted by an English man named Marmaduke Raynor. In exchange for supplies Jope sold more than 20 Negroes to the local authorities in the English colony of Virginia. These blacks came ashore 12 years after the founding of Jamestown. At first the Virginians liked white indentured persons who knew their language and their ways, compared to the newly arrived black slaves. Over time though, the black servants grew accustomed to the environment and were better than the white indentured servants. The colonists didn't approve, but because of the need for laborers for Tobacco the acceptance grew. Slavery grows from demand of cotton The Revolutionary War won for the Americans a large stretch of wilderness between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. After 1800 settlers began to clear and plant on the land. Many of these settlers brought slaves with them. One of the crops which they planted was cotton. When the slaves had to pick the cotton it would prick them and slow the picking down tremendously. Then a man named Eli Whitney invented a machine called the Cotton Gin. The Cotton Gin cleaned the short sticky fibers of the upland cotton. Metal teeth simply pulled the fibers from the seeds. The invention of this machine made the cotton economy soar. Events that Effected Slavery :: American America History Introduction "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" (Thomas Jefferson). The only problem with this passage from the Declaration of Independence is that it does not say, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men and Negroes are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" Thomas Jefferson's words were not correct. Not all men were created equal and these men were slaves. Slavery has existed throughout the United States for centuries before the present day. This was the most inhumane treatment any man could go through. The following report will express the impact of slavery on the history of the united states of America. The Earliest Slaves in America In the summer of 1619 a 160-ton ship from the Port of Flushing in Holland sailed into the Chesapeake Bay. The Dutch ship was under the command of Captain Jope and piloted by an English man named Marmaduke Raynor. In exchange for supplies Jope sold more than 20 Negroes to the local authorities in the English colony of Virginia. These blacks came ashore 12 years after the founding of Jamestown. At first the Virginians liked white indentured persons who knew their language and their ways, compared to the newly arrived black slaves. Over time though, the black servants grew accustomed to the environment and were better than the white indentured servants. The colonists didn't approve, but because of the need for laborers for Tobacco the acceptance grew. Slavery grows from demand of cotton The Revolutionary War won for the Americans a large stretch of wilderness between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. After 1800 settlers began to clear and plant on the land. Many of these settlers brought slaves with them. One of the crops which they planted was cotton. When the slaves had to pick the cotton it would prick them and slow the picking down tremendously. Then a man named Eli Whitney invented a machine called the Cotton Gin. The Cotton Gin cleaned the short sticky fibers of the upland cotton. Metal teeth simply pulled the fibers from the seeds. The invention of this machine made the cotton economy soar.

IT for education and learning Essay

As we all knew, Information Technology has been well-developed for years. Nowadays, lots of youngsters would study online via the Internet, such as finding academic materials for doing project, submitting assignments to the online learning environment of their schools and so forth; therefore, people started to think what features of information technology can facilitate with education and learning. In particular, people would call this kind of learning as â€Å"e-learning†. According to D. R. Garrison (2011)1, e-learning is â€Å"formally defined as electronically mediated asynchronous and synchronous communication for the purpose of constructing and confirming knowledge. † The foundation of this technology is the Internet associating with communication technologies. So how would e-learning affect our education and learning? My ideas are as follows. First and foremost, online games are suitable for using within a learning environment as they are based on the theories of situated learning, motivation and learning by doing. What is online game? A. Rollings and E. Adams (2006) 2 introduce online game is a technology for connecting players together over computer networks like on the Internet. Online games can provide large simulated conditions in the real world for learners to solve problems and deal with others. They not only increase learners’ motivation and engagement but also enhance the learning experience and recognition. Additionally, they also provide free trainings that allow mistakes and errors so that the cost can be lowered. They can also increase the chance of communication such that they would have better coordination and communication skills. Take military and emergency services as an example, like America’s Army, it offers soldiers a virtual but real environment to have trainings. To be more specific, the soldiers are required to work as a team and accomplish the missions. It can build up the team spirit and let them enter into the real situation. Secondly, in accordance with Athanassios Jimoyiannis (2012)3, online game is beneficial for people to learn languages. Alternate Reality Games (ARGs) is one kind of the online games that involves multimedia and gaming elements to act as a story to let learners contribute their own ideas and action as if they took place in real time. ARGs are usually built around social networking system, which is an online platform, with Web 2. 0 technology, that focuses on building up social networks or social relations among people by sharing posts and doing real-life connections, like Facebook and Twiiter, in which learners can interact with others and form alliances. Therefore, through these kind of games, learners are able to gain appreciations for colloquial meanings, verbs and so forth. Thirdly, there is another technology that cannot be omitted – Learning Management System (LMS), like OUHK Online Learning Environment. It works as a platform for students to access multi-media study materials and participate in a wide range of learning-related activities through the use of a computer and an Internet access. Furthermore, students can obtain updated information about courses and programmes that they attend to, participate in online discussions with their peers and tutors, submit assignments, do exercises and self tests and monitor their own study progress through the web-based instruction. As a result, we can see that online learning environment can facilitate with E-learning for people to enhance their studies. And the advantages that LMS brings us – management of personal knowledge and learning resources, collaboration and instructional support – can enhance people’s critical thinking and decision-making. As a final point, people like youngsters, not like the previous generation, would not only receive what their teachers give them but find other sources through search engines, such as Google and Bing, themselves. They prefer videos, audios and interactive media; in the meanwhile, some scientists claimed that using graphics and colours can stimulate people’s brains to memorize and strengthen this ability. That’s why tutors would love to express their ideas through PowerPoint to their students nowadays. Simple and clear structure of PowerPoint slides can offer the content ideas with few lines in bullet form to students. Moreover, visual and auditory media can be added to make the materials more appealing. It not only improves the audience focus, but also engages multiple learning styles, for instance, students can read the materials through their mobile phones. However, if people get addicted to Internet uses, e-learning might become a severe obsession that they would get lost in the real life, like virtual world is â€Å"pulling† them from the real life. Dr. Charles O’Brien, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania, claimed that getting addicted to Internet uses like online games will become an official disorder because more and more people are going to do studies on it. There was a case last year in South Korea, where the couple, who had a real baby, was so involved with the virtual baby and doing things with the virtual baby, thus they neglected their real live baby and the baby died. Therefore, people’s self-restraint and the cooperation between teachers and parents (for youngsters) are undeniably required if e-learning becomes more and more popular in the world. (870 words) Reference list: 1. D. R. Garrison (D. Randy)(2011), E-learning in the 21st century a framework for research and practice, New York : Routledge 2. Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams (2006), Fundamentals of Game Design. Prentice Hall. 3. Athanassios Jimoyiannis (2012), Research on e-learning and ICT in education, New York : Springer 4. Alan J Daly (2010), Social network theory and educational change, Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard Education Press 5. John D. Sutter,† Is ‘gaming addiction’ a real disorder? †, CNN, linkage retrieved from: http://www. cnn. hk/2012/08/05/tech/gaming-gadgets/gaming-addiction-dsm/index. html 5. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=NdDmp_Ak1no.